Immune escape plays a critical role
in cancer pathogenesis
Understanding the hallmarks of cancer: The next generation
Sustaining proliferative
signaling
Evading growth
suppressors
Enabling replicative
immortality
Activating invasion
and metastasis
Inducing
angiogenesis
Resisting
cell death
Deregulating
cellular energetics
Avoiding immune
destruction
Genome instability
and mutation
Tumor-promoting
inflammation
Original hallmarks
Emerging hallmarks
Enabling characteristics
3
Hanahan D, Weinberg RA.
Cell
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